• Bierens, Drowning

Autor: Bierens, Joost J.L.M. (Ed.)
Drowning
Prevention, Rescue, Treatment
2nd Edition 2014,  714 p. 100 illus., Hardcover

About the Book:



Since the first edition of the Handbook on Drowning in 2005, many epidemiological data have confirmed the burden of drowning in several parts of the world. Studies have increased the understanding of effective drowning prevention strategies, rescue techniques and treatment options. Much has been learned about submersion and immersion hypothermia, SCUBA-diving injuries, the life-saving preparations of water-related disasters and how to deal with forensic investigations. In this updated second edition, experts from around the world provide a complete overview of current research data, consensus statements and expert opinions. The book Drowning provides evidence-based practical information and has a unique informative value for various groups with tasks, duties and responsibilities in this domain. In addition, the book may be an inspiration for future networks and research initiatives.


Contents:
Foreword V
Introduction XVII
Section 1
History 1
Section editor: Joost Bierens
1.1 Brief history of Maatschappij tot Redding van Drenkelingen
(The Society to Rescue People from Drowning) 3
Balt Heldring
1.2 Two Centuries of Searching for Safe Lifeboats 5
Hans Vandersmissen and Ton Haasnoot
1.3 The History of Resuscitation 14
Bart Jan Meursing
1.4 The World Congress on Drowning: A Move Towards the Future 21
Joost Bierens and Hans Knape
Section 2
The Epidemiology of Drowning 39
Section editors: Christine Branche and Ed van Beeck
2.1 Overview 41
Christine Branche and Ed van Beeck
2.2 Recommendations 43
The Task Force on the Epidemiology of Drowning:
Christine Branche, Ed van Beeck, Olive Kobusingye,
John Langley, Ian Mackie (†), Eleni Petridou, Linda Quan,
Gordon Smith and David Szpilman
2.3 Definition of Drowning 45
Ed van Beeck, Christine Branche, David Szpilman,
Jerome Modell and Joost Bierens
2.4 Methods for Estimating the Burden of Drowning 49
Linda Quan
2.5 Availability and Quality of Data to Assess the Global Burden
of Drowning 54
Ian Mackie (†)
2.6 The Global Burden of Drowning 56
2.6.1 The Global Burden of Drowning 56
Gordon Smith
2.6.2 The Global Burden of Drowning: An African Perspective 61
Olive Kobusingye
2.7 Risk Factors for Drowning 63
Eleni Petridou and Alexandra Klimentopoulou
2.8 Review of Literature on Available Strategies
for Drowning Prevention 70
John Langley
2.9 Occupational Drownings 73
Jennifer Lincoln
Section 3
The Prevention of Drowning 77
Section editors: John Wilson, Hans Knape and Joost Bierens
3.1 Overview 82
John Wilson and Wim Rogmans
3.2 Recommendations 84
Wim Rogmans and John Wilson
3.3 Purposes and Scope of Prevention of Drowning 87
John Wilson and Wim Rogmans
3.4 Risk Assessment and Perception 93
Andrej Michalsen
3.5 Prevention of Drowning in the Home and Garden 99
John Pearn and David Calabria
3.6 Prevention of Drowning in Home Pools 105
Ian Scott
3.7 The Vigilance of Beach Patrols 110
Andrew Harrell
3.8 Swimming Abilities, Water Safety Education
and Drowning Prevention 112
Ruth Brenner, Kevin Moran, Robert Stallman,
Julie Gilchrist and John McVan
XXII Contents
3.9 National and Community Campaigns 117
Elizabeth Bennett (coordinating author), Peter Barss,
Peter Cornall, Katrina Haddrill, Rebecca Mitchell,
Laurie Lawrence, John Leech, Marilyn Lyford, Kevin Moran,
Luis-Miguel Pascual-Goméz, Paloma Sanz, Blanca Barrio,
Santiago Pinto, Frank Pia, Linda Quan, Monique Ridder,
Marcia Rom, Greg Tate and Andrew Whittaker
3.9.1 National Surveillance-Based Prevention
of Water-Related Injuries in Canada 117
Peter Barss
3.9.2 Child Drowning Deaths in Garden Water Features −
A Concerted Campaign to Reduce the Toll 119
Peter Cornall
3.9.3 SafeWaters Water Safety Campaign in New South Wales,
Australia 120
Katrina Haddrill and Rebecca Mitchell
3.9.4 Community Campaign in Australia
Targeted Towards Parents and Children 121
Laurie Lawrence
3.9.5 The Approach to Promoting Water Safety in Ireland 122
John Leech
3.9.6 Community Campaign in Remote Aboriginal Communities
in Western Australia 123
Marilyn Lyford
3.9.7 Community Campaigns in New Zealand 124
Kevin Moran
3.9.8 Community Campaigns Blue Ribbon Pool
and Enjoy Your Swim, Sure! in Segovia, Spain 125
Luis-Miguel Pascual-Gómez, Paloma Sanz,
Blanca Barrio and Santiago Pinto
3.9.9 The Reasons People Drown 126
Frank Pia
3.9.10 Washington State Drowning Prevention Project
and the Stay on Top of It Campaign 127
Linda Quan and Elizabeth Bennett
3.9.11 Community Campaign in the Netherlands
by the Consumer Safety Institute 128
Monique Ridder
3.9.12 Preventing Drowning in Alaska: Float Coats
and Kids Don’t Float 129
Marcia Rom
3.9.13 Evaluation of the Keep Watch Media Campaign 130
Greg Tate
3.9.14 Community Campaign in Victoria, Australia 131
Andrew Whittaker
Contents XXIII
Section 4
Rescue - Organisational Aspects:
Planning, Training and Preparation 133
Section editors: Rob Brons and Chris Brewster
4.1 Overview 135
Chris Brewster and Rob Brons
4.2 Recommendations 138
Chris Brewster and Rob Brons
4.3 Rescue Organisations: Paid or Volunteers? 142
Mike Espino and Chris Brewster
4.4 Lifeguard Effectiveness 145
Ralph Goto
4.5 Quality Assessment and Risk Monitoring of Lifesaving 147
Rob Brons
4.6 Beach Hazards and Risk Assessment of Beaches 151
Andrew Short
4.7 Training Standards for In-Water Rescue Techniques 156
Rick Wright
4.8 Training and Equipping Rescue Personnel for Flood Rescue 159
Slim Ray
4.9 Learning from Computer Simulations 162
Wiebe de Vries
4.10 Data Registration for Lifesaving Organisations 168
Ann Williamson and Julie Gilchrist
4.11 Risk Management in Training of Rescue Techniques 172
Richard Ming Kirk Tan
4.12 Life Saving as an Academic Career: International Perspectives 176
Veronique Colman, Stathis Avramidis,
Luis-Miguel Pascual-Gómez,
Harald Vervaecke and Ulrik Persyn
4.13 Fund-Raising for Lifesaving 183
Klaus Wilkens
4.14 Lifesaving in Developing Countries 185
Margie Peden and John Long
XXIV Contents
Section 5
Rescue – Rescue Techniques 189
Section editors: Chris Brewster and Rob Brons
5.1 An Overview 194
Chris Brewster and Rob Brons
5.2 Recommendations 197
Chris Brewster and Rob Brons
5.3 Patterns of Wave and Surf 202
Edward Zwitser
5.4 Water Safety Signs and Beach Safety Flags 204
Brian Sims
5.5 Lifeguard Surveillance and Scanning: Past, Present, Future 214
Peter Fenner, Tom Griffiths,
Michael Oostman and Frank Pia
5.6 Trends in Sea Rescue and Open Water Search Techniques 220
Michael Woodroffe and Gabriel Kinney
5.7 Lifejackets and Other Lifesaving Appliances 226
5.7.1 Lifejackets 226
Chris Brooks, Günther Cornelissen and Rolf Popp
5.7.2 Personal Lifesaving Appliances Other than Lifejackets 229
Ivar Grøneng
5.8 Self-Rescue 232
5.8.1 Self-Rescue During Accidental Cold Water Immersion 232
Michel Ducharme
5.8.2 Survival and Self-Rescue 235
Anthony Handley
5.9 Submerged Vehicle Rescue 238
Jaap Molenaar and John Stoop
5.10 Horizontal and Other Rescue Techniques: Practical Aspects 241
Wolfgang Baumeier and Michael Schwindt
5.11 Ice Rescue 249
Carla St-Germain and Andrea Zaferes
5.12 Rescues Under Difficult Circumstances 254
5.12.1 Plane Crashes 254
Martin Nemiroff
5.12.2 Offshore Powerboat Rescues 256
Joost Van Nueten
5.12.3 The NASA Ocean Rescue Plan for the Space Shuttle 261
Ahamed Idris
Contents XXV
5.13 Rigid Inflatable Boats 264
Hans Vandersmissen and Ton Haasnoot
5.14 Inshore Inflatable Rescue Boat Injuries
with Implications for New Designs 271
Peter Fenner
5.15 Development and Use of Personal Watercraft
in Aquatic Rescue Operations 275
Jim Howe
5.16 Alternatives for Rescue Boats 279
5.16.1 Hovercraft 279
Michael Vlasto
5.16.2 Jet Boat 284
Peter Dawes
5.16.3 Paraglider 286
Ruy Marra
5.17 Spinal Injury: Prevention, Immobilisation
and Extrication from the Aquatic Environment 288
5.17.1 Prevention of Spinal Injuries 288
Jenny Blitvich
5.17.2 Immobilisation and Extraction of Spinal Injuries 291
Peter Wernicki, Peter Fenner and David Szpilman
5.18 Injuries to Lifesavers 296
Peter Wernicki and Peter Fenner
5.19 Management of Physical and Psychological Responses
During Administration of CPR to a Drowned Person 301
Frank Pia
5.20 Psychological Care After CPR and Rescue 304
Ton Haasnoot
Section 6
Resuscitation 309
Section editors: Paul Pepe and Joost Bierens
6.1 Overview 312
Paul Pepe and Joost Bierens
6.2 Consensus and Recommendations 314
Paul Pepe and Joost Bierens
6.3 The Critical Role of Lay Persons
and Their Actions in Drowning Incidents 323
Jane Wigginton, Paul Pepe, Denise Mann,
David Persse and Paul Sirbaugh
XXVI Contents
6.4 Basic Life Support for Drowning Victims 327
Ahamed Idris
6.5 Automated External Defibrillators in the Aquatic Environment 331
Steve Beerman and Bo Løfgren
6.6 Positioning the Drowning Victim 336
David Szpilman and Anthony Handley
6.7 First Aid Courses for the Aquatic Environment 342
David Szpilman, Luis Morizot-Leite, Wiebe de Vries,
Justin Scarr, Steve Beerman, Fernando Martinho,
Luiz Smoris and Bo Løfgren
6.8 Advance Life Support 348
Volker Wenzel and Paul Pepe
6.9 Long QT Syndrome and Drowning 352
Alfred Bove and Rienke Rienks
6.10 Paediatric Considerations in Drowning 356
Robyn Meyer, Andreas Theodorou and Robert Berg
6.11 Termination of Resuscitation Efforts in Drowning 363
Martin Nemiroff and Paul Pepe
6.12 Unusual Circumstances of Drowning 368
Peter Morley
6.13 A Case Report of an Extreme Situation 372
Martin Stotz and Wolfgang Ummenhofer
6.14 A Case Report of a Successful Resuscitation
from Accidental Hypothermia of 22°C
and Submersion with Circulatory Arrest 374
Gert-Jan Scheffer
6.15 A Case Report of 22-Minute Submersion in Warm Water
Without Sequelae 375
David Szpilman
6.16 Recommended Guidelines for Uniform Reporting of Data
from Drowning: The Utstein-Style 377
Ahamed Idris, Robert Berg, Joost Bierens, Leo Bossaert,
Christine Branche, Andrea Gabrielli, Shirley Graves,
Anthony Handley, Robyn Hoelle, Peter Morley,
Linda Papa, Paul Pepe, Linda Quan, David Szpilman,
Jane Wigginton and Jerome Modell
Contents XXVII
Section 7
Hospital Treatment 387
Section editors: Harry Gelissen, Jean-Louis Vincent and Lambert Thijs
7.1 Overview 389
Harry Gelissen, Jean-Louis Vincent and Lambert Thijs
7.2 Recommendations 391
Harry Gelissen, Jean-Louis Vincent and Lambert Thijs
7.3 Treatment Protocols: Emergency Room 392
Antony Simcock
7.4 Treatment Protocols: Intensive Care Department 397
Walter Hasibeder, Volker Wenzel and Antony Simcock
7.5 Paediatric Considerations 402
Hans van Vught, Nigel Turner,
Nicolaas Jansen and Sjef van Gestel
7.6 Aspiration 407
Jerome Modell
7.7 Management of ARDS 410
Davide Chiumello, E. Carlesso and Luciano Gattinoni
7.8 Risk Factors and Treatment of Pneumonia 416
Giel van Berkel
7.9 Surfactant Therapy 419
Jack Haitsma and Burt Lachmann
7.10 Cardiovascular Changes 423
Jerome Modell, Tomasso Pellis and Max Harry Weil
7.11 Classification Systems 427
David Szpilman, Antony Simcock and Shirley Graves
Section 8
Brain Resuscitation in the Drowning Victim 433
Section editors: David Warner and Johannes Knape
8.1 Overview 435
David Warner and Johannes Knape
8.2 Consensus and Recommendations 436
David Warner and Johannes Knape
8.3 Prehospital and Emergency Department Management
of the Drowning Victim 439
Laurence Katz
XXVIII Contents
8.4 Intensive Care Management of the Drowning Victim 443
Udo Illievich
8.5 Paediatric Considerations 447
Patrick Kochanek
8.6 Neuromonitoring in the Intensive Care Unit
for the Drowning Victim 449
Cor Kalkman
8.7 Neurochemical Markers of Brain Injury 453
Bengt Nellgård
8.8 Post-hypoxic Treatment with Pharmacologic Agents 455
Takefumi Sakabe
8.9 Animal Experimentation on Cardiopulmonary
Cerebral Resuscitation Relevant for Drowning 460
Peter Safar (†)
8.10 Future Research Questions 465
David Warner
Section 9
Immersion Hypothermia 479
Section editors: Beat Walpoth and Hein Daanen
9.1 Overview 481
Beat Walpoth and Hein Daanen
9.2 Consensus and Recommendations 484
Beat Walpoth and Hein Daanen
9.3 The Physiology of Cooling in Cold Water 485
Mike Tipton and Frank Golden
9.4 Body Cooling, Modelling and Risk Assessment 490
Peter Tikuisis and Hein Daanen
9.5 Rescue Collapse Following Cold Water Immersion 493
Michael Tipton and Michael Ducharme
9.6 Prehospital Management of Immersion Hypothermia 497
Michael Ducharme, Alan Steinman
and Gordon Giesbrecht
9.7 Hospital Rewarming of Hypothermic Victims 502
Durk Zandstra
9.8 Hospital Treatment of Victims in Cardiorespiratory Arrest 511
Beat Walpoth and Adam Fischer
Contents XXIX
9.9 Fluid Management During Treatment of Immersion Hypothermia 514
Marit Farstad and Paul Husby
9.10 Acid–Base Management During Accidental Hypothermia 519
Durk Zandstra
9.11 An International Data-Registration
for Accidental and Immersion Hypothermia 520
9.11.1 Implication of Treatment and Outcome of Survivors
of Accidental Deep Hypothermia:
The Need for a Hypothermia Registry 520
Beat Walpoth
9.11.2 The UK National Immersion Incident Survey (UKNIIS) 521
Mike Tipton
9.11.3 Hypothermia Research Project in The Netherlands 523
Joost Bierens
9.11.4 The SARRRAH Project 524
Wolfgang Baumeier
Section 10
Water-Related Disasters 533
Editors: Rob Brons and Joost Bierens
10.1 Overview 535
Rob Brons and Joost Bierens
10.2 Consensus and Recommendations 539
Rob Brons and Joost Bierens
10.3 Disasters at Sea 540
Helge Brandstrom
10.4. ‘Herald of Free Enterprise’ 546
Karel Vandevelde
10.5 Decision Support System for Optimising a SAR Fleet Plan
to Rescue Large Numbers of Passengers 548
Sip Wiebenga
10.6 Linking Sea and Land: Essential Elements in Crises Decisions
for Water-Related Disasters 553
Martin Madern and Rob Brons
10.7 Drowning in Floods: An Overview of Mortality Statistics
for Worldwide Floods 559
Bas Jonkman
10.8 Measures to Prevent The Netherlands from Flooding 565
Joop Weijers, Robert Slomp and Sjaak Poortvliet
XXX Contents
10.9 Controlling the Risk of Flood-Related Drowning 568
Sjaak Poortvliet
10.10 The Safety Chain During Floods 570
Martin Madern, Rob Brons and Amanda Kost
10.11 Planning of the Mass Emergency Response to Floods
in the Netherlands 575
Pieter van der Torn and Bas Jonkman
10.12 Current Trends in Swift Water, Moving Water
and Flood Rescue Response 580
Jim Segerstrom
Section 11
Breath-Hold, SCUBA and Hose Diving 587
Section editors: David Elliott and Rob van Hulst
Authors: Alfred Bove, Jim Caruso, Glen Egstrom,
David Elliott, Des Gorman, Rob van Hulst,
Maida Taylor and Jürg Wendling
11.1 Overview and Recommendations 589
11.2 The Underlying Physics and Applied Physiology 591
11.3 Diving Techniques 595
11.4 Epidemiology of Drowning While Diving 596
11.5 Physical, Mental and Medical Fitness 597
11.6 Causation of Drowning Accidents in Relation to Training 598
11.7 Introducing Children to Diving 599
11.8 Underwater Self-Rescue and Assisted Rescue:
Training to Cope With Emergencies 600
11.9 Immediate Treatment of the Diver Who Almost Drowned 601
11.10 Accident Investigation and Autopsy 603
11.11 Diving Accident Investigations 603
11.12 The Investigation of SCUBA Diving Fatalities 605
Section 12
Investigation of Drowning Accidents 617
Section editor: Jerome Modell
12.1 Introduction and Overview 619
Jerome Modell
Contents XXXI
12.2 Behaviour of Dead Bodies in Water 620
Jaap Molenaar
12.3 Search and Recovery in Near-Shore Waters 622
James Howe
12.4 Search Techniques 625
12.4.1 Search Techniques for Dead Bodies: Searching with Dogs 625
Adee Schoon
12.4.2 Search Techniques for Drowning Victims:
Recovery Using Side Scan Sonars 627
Robert Williamson
12.4.3 Infrared Detection Systems for Maritime Search
and Rescue Units 630
Germ Martini
12.5 Homicidal Drowning 633
Andrea Zaferes and Walt Hendrick
12.6 The Approach of the Pathologist
to the Diagnosis of Drowning 636
Ian Calder
12.7 Accident Investigations in Drowning 640
Peter Cornall, Roger Bibbings and Peter MacGregor
12.8 Legal Aspects and Litigation in Aquatic Lifesaving 645
Jerome Modell
12.9 Legal Claims in Drowning Cases 647
Rutger Schimmelpenninck
12.10 The M/S Estonia Disaster
and the Treatment of Human Remains 650
Eke Boesten
12.11 Maritime Accident Investigations 653
John Stoop
Important Websites 659
Final Recommendations of the World Congress on Drowning 661
Acknowledgements 671
Contact Data and Affiliations

 

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